From Beijing to Rio: Funding UK elite sport through the ‘No Compromise’ Policy

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The consequences of ‘no compromise’: Funding elite sport in the UK

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Volunteers in social enterprise events: Triple bottom line benefits

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A stakeholder centric approach

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Rising to the challenge of sustainability - Community events by the community, for the community

Community events, by their very nature, create emotions. They need to appeal to the community's wants and desires, playing with their emotions to create enjoyment and memories. Successful longstanding community events, be they annual or otherwise, need to have an organising committee that understands this emotional connection on the one side and loyal consumers that engage with the event to make it sustainable on the other. This chapter builds on the work of Jepson, Clarke and Ragsdell (2014) in looking at the sustainability (i.e. the long-term viability) of local community-based events, through the delivery of community events within the context of social enterprises (SEs), community participation and individual engagement. This chapter highlights these key research areas with the use of a case study that investigates Peace in the Park (PitP), an annual community arts festival that is organised by volunteers and funded entirely by the people within the local community. The festival attracts up to 8,000 people annually, who come together to celebrate Sheffield’s freedom and creativity, raising thousands of pounds for community projects and promoting peace and social justice. The event has run successfully since 2003 but was forced to postpone in 2013 due to a lack of funding.N/

Review of established methods in event research

In reviewing 165 of the most prominent event articles this paper provides a timely evaluation of prevalent research methods that have shaped event research in the past 16 years. We adopt critical case sampling and citation analysis approaches to identify 21 journals and the 165 articles. We subsequently analysed the content of each article to reveal the method(s) used and classified these by journal and by year. To facilitate discussion about the findings, the paper initially appraises the character of the event phenomenon and the implications of this for methods selection. This discussion portrays a largely social and contingent character to events that presents specific requirements to researchers seeking to interrogate it. The discussion pinpoints key considerations that should shape event researchers decisions about their selection of methods. The findings reveal a preponderance of survey based approaches and also very limited adoption of multiple methods. The findings also indicate a less prominent, but growing, application of subjectivist oriented approaches such as interviews, indicating a progressive trend that is discussed as being more favourable to the character of the subject matter. Ultimately we provide six precepts that emerge from this study, to signpost key considerations for event researchers as our discipline moves beyond the early stages of its development toward a more mature phase. Keywords: Event research, Research methods, Survey, Interviews, Focus groups, Observatio

Prospective Analysis of the Aquaculture Sector in the EU. PART 1: Synthesis Report

This report is based on the outcome of the study on "Prospective analysis of the aquaculture sector in the EU", launched and coordinated by the JRC (IPTS) and carried out by the University of Stirling. The report consists of two parts: 1) "Prospective analysis of the aquaculture sector in the EU – Part 1: Synthesis report", and 2) "Prospective analysis of the aquaculture sector in the EU – Part 2: Characterisation of emerging aquaculture systems" This first report sets out the context for the future role of aquaculture in the EU, and the potential directions to be taken within the sector. It builds from materials reported in Part 2, and is structured by the outcomes of a review/expert panel meeting carried out in Sevilla, in November 2006 in which a process and system of synthesis was agreed. It follows a format in which we: • Project potential future demand for aquaculture-derived product, recognising domestic supply and international trade features, emerging consumer trends, and expected price positioning commensurate with sector production costs. • Develop further detail with respect to species, subsectors, systems, locations, and their interactions. • Set out issues and discussions on implications for future policy. • Develop conclusions. These projections and details were further developed through a process of discussion and comment with the expert panel during the period March-August 2007. The study was conducted between January 2006 and November 2007, the data collection taking place in the early stages followed by the analysis in the later stages

The potential impact of technological innovation on the aquaculture industry

From Executive Summary: Farming of the sea has a long history in many countries, essentially based on a range of modified low-input natural systems, including ponds, shellfish beds and simple enclosures or cages. In the last two decades the intensive farming of marine fish and the scaling up of shellfish culture has been a major trend, prompted by rising demand for aquatic food products precisely when traditional supplies from capture fisheries are in steep decline

Review of survey methods in events management research

Questionnaire-based surveys are a common data collection tool in events research as established by earlier reviews of methods within the literature. This paper examines and critiques the historic development, current position, gaps in knowledge and future implications for survey-based research. Some diversity is found within survey-based research, however the majority was carried out: as a single method (86%), in physical proximity to the event (67%), during the event (49%), using paper-based forms (65%), designed for self-completion (94%). The event types most commonly targeted were: Sports (43%) Festivals & Celebrations (20%) and Music (12%). The stakeholders targeted were: Audiences (54%), Non-participants (16%) and Managers (12%). Sampling methods, where stated, were likely to be random (23%) or convenience based (22%). Despite the predominance of this data collection tool, numerous areas are ideally in need of further understanding and experimentation. Priorities for future survey-based research are in using mixed methods, multiple surveys, electronic surveys, more deliberate approaches to sampling overall; specifically sampling both before and after events. Targeting stakeholders other than audiences and covering a broader range of events may also be desirable. Emerging technologies and a typology of survey-based research are discussed. The use of survey-based research by policy makers and funders is discussed under the label of ‘operationalised knowledge management’.N/

Theorising organisational resilience for sport management research and practice

Purpose/Rationale Helping individuals and teams achieve their goals by being resilient is an established research field in sport. How sport organisations can be resilient in adversity is comparatively neglected, so the purpose is to provide firm foundations for conceptualising organisational resilience in sport management. Research question “How can organisational resilience best be theorised for sport management research and practice?” Design/Methodology/Approach From a critique of the resilience literature, a new Framework for Organisational Resilience Management (FfORM) is developed, based on the theory of organisational resource conversion and the separation of normative and descriptive levels. The FfORM is applied to sport management contexts, including the resilience of National Governing Bodies of Sport (NGBs) to reductions in UK Sport funding. Results and Findings Organisational resilience is conceptualised as a means to an end, to achieve externally generated goals, emphasising its dynamic, temporal nature. The FfORM illuminates the challenges for NGBs in developing organisational resilience because of trade-offs in the actions they take. Practical implications As well as being an evaluation tool, the FfORM will be of utility to sport organisations addressing the unprecedented challenges arising from COVID-19. Research contribution Development of theory on organisational resilience, for use in both sport and other contexts